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1
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- Lecture # 4
- Aromatics & non-hydrocarbon compounds
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2
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- Benzene building block – examples
- Nomenclature
- Properties
- Importance
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3
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- Most common: CO2,N2,H2S
- They lower the heating value of
oil (Btu/lbm)
- Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur form
part of heavy molecules present in the oil (asphaltenes & resins)
- Sulfur compounds poison catalysts
used in refinery operations
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4
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- Oils may have up to 10% of S on a weight basis
- Very sour oils may be denser than water
- H2S removal done with ethanolamines. The process is known as ‘gas
sweetening’
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5
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- Mercaptanes (stink !)
- General formula RSH –thiol (name the following compounds)
- HS-C3H7 --------chopped onions
- HS-C4H9---------skunk secretion
- Alkyl Sulfides RSR
- Disulfides R-S-S-R
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6
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7
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8
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- Acid # of Oils used for caustic oil recovery
- Carboxylic compounds react with NaOH to form in-situ surfactant which
enhances oil recovery
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9
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10
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- Very small amounts but heavily regulated by the EPA
- Heavy metals of concern: Ni, Va, Pb, Cd
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11
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- Chemical
- PNA and combinations (Paraffinic-Naphthenic-Aromatics)
- Resin and asphalthene content
- Physical
- Specific gravity
- Pour and cloud points
- Gasoline and kerosene content
- S and asphalt content
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12
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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18
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19
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- Homework Due Wednesday
- Next Class we will start Chapter 2
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Notes