1	PETE 310 Lectures # 6 & # 7 Phase Behavior – Pure Substances (Lecture # 5) Two Component Mixtures Three & Multicomponent Mixtures
2	Learning Objectives After completing this chapter you will be able to: Understand pure component phase behavior as a function of pressure, temperature, and molecular size. Understand the behavior of binary and multicomponent mixtures Behavior understood through proper interpretation of phase diagrams
3	Phase Diagrams Types of phase diagrams for a single component (pure substance) (PT) (PV) or (Pr) (TV) or (Tr)
4	Phase Diagrams Single Component Phase Diagram
5	Phase Diagrams
6	Hydrocarbon Families Physical Properties
7	Pressure vs Specific Volume Pure Substance
8	Pure Component Properties Tabulated critical properties (McCain)
9	Heat Effects Accompanying Phase Changes of Pure Substances
10	Heat Effects Accompanying Phase Changes of Pure Substances
11	Example of Heat Effects Accompanying Phase Changes Steam flooding Problem: Calculate how many BTU/day (just from the latent heat of steam) are provided to a reservoir by injecting 6000 bbl/day of steam at 80% quality and at a T=462 ^oF
12	COX - Vapor Pressure Charts (normal paraffins)
13	Determination of Fluid Properties Ps =saturation pressure
14	Vapor Pressure Determination
15	Binary Mixtures Relationships to analyze: P, T, molar or specific volume or (molar or mass density) - as for a pure component – + COMPOSITION – Molar Composition
16	Hydrocarbon Composition The hydrocarbon composition may be expressed on a weight basis or on a molar basis (most common) Recall
17	Hydrocarbon Composition By convention liquid compositions (mole fractions) are indicated with an x and gas compositions with a y.
18	Our Systems of Concern
19	A separator
20	Mathematical Relationships with In general
21	Key Concepts Fraction of vapor (fv) Mole fractions in vapor (or gas) phase à yi Mole fractions in liquid (or oil) phase à xi Overall mole fractions (zi) à combining gas & liquid
22
23	Pressure vs Temperature Diagram (PT)_zi
24	Pressure Composition Diagrams - Binary Systems
25	Temperature vs. Composition Diagrams – Binary Systems
26	Gas-Liquid Relations
27	Supercritical Conditions Binary Mixture
28	Quantitative Phase Equilibrium Exercise
29	Quantitative Phase Equilibrium Exercise
30	Ternary Diagrams: Review
31	Ternary Diagrams: Review Pressure Effect
32	Ternary Diagrams: Review Dilution Lines
33	Ternary Diagrams: Review Quantitative Representation of Phase Equilibria - Tie (or equilibrium) lines Tie lines join equilibrium conditions of the gas and liquid at a given pressure and temperature. Dew point curve gives the gas composition. Bubble point curve gives the liquid composition.
34	Ternary Diagrams: Review Quantitative Representation of Phase Equilibria - Tie (or equilibrium) lines All mixtures whose overall composition (z_i) is along a tie line have the SAME equilibrium gas (y_i) and liquid composition (x_i), but the relative amounts on a molar basis of gas and liquid (f_v and f_l) change linearly (0 – vapor at B.P., 1 – liquid at B.P.).
35	Illustration of Phase Envelope and Tie Lines
36	Uses of Ternary Diagrams Representation of Multi-Component Phase Behavior with a Pseudoternary Diagram Ternary diagrams may approximate phase behavior of multi-component mixtures by grouping them into 3 pseudocomponents heavy (C₇⁺) intermediate (C₂-C₆) light (C₁, CO_{2 ,}N₂- C_1,CO₂-C₂, ...)
37	Uses of Ternary Diagrams Miscible Recovery Processes
38	Exercise Find overall composition of mixture made with 100 moles oil "O" + 10 moles of mixture "A". __________________________ ________________________ _______________________ _____________________ ___________________ _________________
39	Practice Ternary Diagrams Pressure Effect
40	Practice Ternary Diagrams Pressure Effect
41	Practice Ternary Diagrams Temperature Effect
42	Practice Ternary Diagrams Temperature Effect
43	Pressure-Temperature Diagram for Multicomponent Systems
44	Changes During Production and Injection
45	Homework See Syllabus please